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Real-world consumption

What cars really use

7.7 million vehicles reported their own on-board counters. The type-approval figure is a fifth too low on average – but not by the same amount for everyone.

“Hybrid” tells you almost nothing

You would expect hybrids to lead. They lead AND trail: the Toyota Yaris Cross lands within a tenth of a per cent of its type-approval figure, the Renault Espace misses it by more than forty per cent, and both are full hybrids. The drivetrain on paper predicts very little; the individual car predicts everything. That is only visible because full hybrids and petrol cars are counted apart here rather than together.

  • Diesel full hybrid: +19 % above type approval
  • Petrol full hybrid: +17.4 % above type approval
  • Petrol: +18.2 % above type approval

Closest to their type approval

  1. Fiat Tipo 1'368 cm³ · 70 kW · Petrol −0.7 % 7.2 instead of 7.2 L/100 km −18.9 % against its class
  2. Audi Q5 2'967 cm³ · 210 kW · Diesel full hybrid +1.2 % 8.5 instead of 8.4 L/100 km −17.8 % against its class
  3. Toyota Yaris Cross 1'490 cm³ · 68 kW · Petrol full hybrid −0.1 % 4.7 instead of 4.5 L/100 km −17.5 % against its class
  4. Honda HR-V 1'498 cm³ · 79 kW · Petrol full hybrid +0.9 % 5.4 instead of 5.4 L/100 km −16.5 % against its class
  5. Honda Jazz 1'498 cm³ · 72 kW · Petrol full hybrid +2.4 % 4.7 instead of 4.6 L/100 km −15 % against its class
  6. Mazda MX-5 1'998 cm³ · 135 kW · Petrol +3.4 % 7.0 instead of 6.8 L/100 km −14.8 % against its class
  7. Toyota Yaris 998 cm³ · 53 kW · Petrol +3.8 % 5.8 instead of 5.6 L/100 km −14.4 % against its class
  8. Volvo V90 Cross Country 1'969 cm³ · 145 kW · Diesel full hybrid +5 % 6.6 instead of 6.3 L/100 km −14 % against its class
  9. Honda CR-V 1'993 cm³ · 107 kW · Petrol full hybrid +3.4 % 7.1 instead of 6.7 L/100 km −14 % against its class
  10. KIA RIO 1'197 cm³ · 61 kW · Petrol +4.6 % 5.9 instead of 5.7 L/100 km −13.6 % against its class

Furthest from it

  1. Renault Espace 1'199 cm³ · 96 kW · Petrol full hybrid +42.8 % 6.8 instead of 4.8 L/100 km +25.4 % against its class
  2. Land Rover Range Rover 2'997 cm³ · 258 kW · Diesel full hybrid +34.4 % 10.7 instead of 7.9 L/100 km +15.4 % against its class
  3. BMW M4 Competition 2'993 cm³ · 375 kW · Petrol +33.3 % 13.3 instead of 10.1 L/100 km +15.1 % against its class
  4. Mercedes-Benz AMG A 45 S 1'991 cm³ · 310 kW · Petrol +32.6 % 11.9 instead of 9.0 L/100 km +14.4 % against its class
  5. Renault Arkana 1'332 cm³ · 103 kW · Petrol full hybrid +31.5 % 7.6 instead of 5.8 L/100 km +14.1 % against its class
  6. Dacia Jogger 1'598 cm³ · 51 kW · Petrol full hybrid +31.2 % 6.2 instead of 4.7 L/100 km +13.8 % against its class
  7. Mercedes-Benz AMG SL 63 4MATIC+ 3'982 cm³ · 430 kW · Petrol +31.8 % 17.0 instead of 12.9 L/100 km +13.6 % against its class
  8. MC Laren AMG GT 43 4MATIC+ 2'999 cm³ · 270 kW · Petrol full hybrid +30.8 % 12.8 instead of 9.7 L/100 km +13.4 % against its class
  9. Alpine A110 1'798 cm³ · 185 kW · Petrol +31.1 % 8.8 instead of 6.7 L/100 km +12.9 % against its class
  10. BMW X6 XDRIVE40D 2'993 cm³ · 250 kW · Diesel full hybrid +31.3 % 9.5 instead of 7.1 L/100 km +12.3 % against its class

475 types with at least 1'000 vehicles read out meet every criterion.

Europäische Kommission, JRC / EEA – OBFCM (CC BY 4.0) Suarez et al. (2025), Towards zero CO₂ emissions: Insights from EU vehicle on-board data

Plug-in hybrids, counted separately

Plug-ins stand apart because their number measures something other than the car: the type-approval figure assumes most driving is electric. For the models listed here it is between a sixth and two fifths of the kilometres. The rest is an ordinary petrol car taking a battery for a ride.

  1. Volvo XC40 1'477 cm³ · 95 kW · Petrol plug-in +176.6 % 5.9 instead of 2.1 L/100 km −99.6 % against its class 25 % of kilometres electric
  2. Renault Captur 1'598 cm³ · 68 kW · Petrol plug-in +177.9 % 4.0 instead of 1.4 L/100 km −98.3 % against its class 39 % of kilometres electric
  3. Mercedes-Benz GLC 300 DE 4MATIC 1'950 cm³ · 143 kW · Diesel plug-in +231.5 % 6.3 instead of 1.9 L/100 km −95.8 % against its class 17 % of kilometres electric
  4. Volvo XC60 1'969 cm³ · 223 kW · Petrol plug-in +193.1 % 7.3 instead of 2.5 L/100 km −83.1 % against its class 23 % of kilometres electric
  5. Volvo XC90 1'969 cm³ · 223 kW · Petrol plug-in +199 % 8.6 instead of 2.9 L/100 km −77.2 % against its class 18 % of kilometres electric
  6. Land Rover Range Rover Sport 1'997 cm³ · 221 kW · Petrol plug-in +201.1 % 10.5 instead of 3.6 L/100 km −75.1 % against its class 16 % of kilometres electric
  7. Mini Countryman Cooper SE ALL4 1'499 cm³ · 92 kW · Petrol plug-in +201.6 % 5.5 instead of 1.8 L/100 km −74.6 % against its class 35 % of kilometres electric
  8. Ford Explorer 2'956 cm³ · 267 kW · Petrol plug-in +203.9 % 9.5 instead of 3.1 L/100 km −72.3 % against its class 17 % of kilometres electric
  9. Renault Captur E-Tech Plug-IN Hybrid 1'598 cm³ · 68 kW · Petrol plug-in +211.9 % 4.1 instead of 1.3 L/100 km −64.3 % against its class 35 % of kilometres electric
  10. BMW X1 XDRIVE25E 1'499 cm³ · 92 kW · Petrol plug-in +213.1 % 5.7 instead of 1.8 L/100 km −63.1 % against its class 31 % of kilometres electric

Why this is not “meets WLTP”

Measured against the lab figure this list would be nearly empty – almost nothing reaches it. So each car is compared with what its own drivetrain typically manages. A car can therefore lead this board and still sit one per cent above its own type approval.

  • Ranked against its own drivetrain class, not against the lab figure.
  • Plug-in hybrids have their own list: their number measures charging habits, not the car.
  • Groups whose own type-approval figures disagree are excluded – those are several variants under one name.
  • Only types with at least a thousand vehicles read out. Below that an outlier is indistinguishable from a finding.
  • One row per model name, or a single model fills the list with its own engine variants.

What these numbers are not

  • Not a Swiss measurement. There is not one Swiss vehicle in the data – these are EU registrations, and the type’s behaviour is carried across.
  • Not a figure for one car. It is a population median; how you drive beats any figure for a type.
  • Not current. Registration years 2021 to 2023, so older cars do not appear at all.

And your car?

Enter your type-approval number and see the real-world figure beside the one on your registration document.

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